Classification
Process of grouping unlabeled data based on differences and similarities
Classifications is about classifying labelled data, clustering is about finding the similarities and classifying them ad-hoc

Algorithms
- K-means
- DBScan
- K-medoids
- Density based
- Hierarchical
Association
Process of finding relationship between variables via association, such as finding most bought together items.
Algorithms
- Apriori
- Euclat
- Fp-Growth
Dimentionality Reduction
Often used in pre-processing state, reducing the amount of data while retaining integrity
Algorithms Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Generalized Discriminant Analysis (GDA) Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA, pLSA, GLSA) t-SNE